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Preparation of reverse osmosis membrane with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties for desalination

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1497-0

摘要：

• Nanoparticle incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting were integrated.

关键词： Anti-biofouling grafting     Nanoparticle incorporation     Sterilization rates     Water flux     Water flux recovery    

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Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separationwith ultrahigh flux

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 46-55 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2170-2

摘要： Because of the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced each day, it is important to develop superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil/water separation membranes with ultrahigh flux and high separation efficiency. In this paper, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic N-isopropylacrylamide-coated stainless steel mesh was prepared through a simple and convenient graft polymerization approach. The obtained mesh was able to separate oil/water mixtures only by gravity. In addition, the mesh showed high-efficiency separation ability (99.2%) and ultrahigh flux (235239 L∙m–2∙h–1). Importantly, due to the complex cross-linked bilayer structure, the prepared mesh exhibited good recycling performance and chemical stability in highly saline, alkaline and acidic environments.

关键词： oil/water separation     N-isopropylacrylamide     stainless steel mesh     ultrahigh flux    

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Technologies for pollutant removal and resource recovery from blackwater: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1683-3

摘要：

● Blackwater is the main source of organics and nutrients in domestic wastewater.

关键词： Blackwater     Water-flushing toilet     Sanitation     Nutrient recovery     Water reuse     Sustainable development    

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Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

LU Junfu, YUE Guangxi, YANG Hairui, ZHANG Jiansheng, YU Long, ZHANG Man, YANG Zhongming

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 134-139 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0027-0

摘要： The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design.

关键词： horizontal     different furnace     temperature     FEA     measurement    

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我国水环境恢复工程方略

张杰,丛广治

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第8期   页码 44-49

摘要：

在水环境日益恶化的今天，如何有效遏制恶化趋势，重新建立起水的健康循环，恢复良好水环境，是当前水资源可持续利用，人类永续发展的根本性问题。文章从水的自然循环和水的社会循环关系出发，论述了人类社会活动与自然界的协调发展，指出水环境恢复和维系的基础是建立健康的社会水循环。进而首次提出了系统的水环境恢复原理和方略。呼吁建立水循环科学与工程学科，为水环境恢复和维系事业提供科学依据和人才基础。从水环境角度进行各项水事工作，是恢复水环境的基本途径，也是客观实际的迫切要求。

关键词： 水环境恢复     水健康循环     水环境科学与工程     可持续利用    

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A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by therecovery of solar energy

Y. YU, Q. W. PAN, L. W. WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 328-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0623-1

摘要： A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system with modular adsorber, which utilizes solar energy to achieve the cogeneration of domestic air conditioning and water heating effect, is proposed and investigated in this paper. A heat recovery process between two adsorbers and a mass recovery process between two evaporators are adopted to improve the overall cooling and heating performance. First, the adsorption system is tested under different modes (different mass recovery, heat recovery, and cogeneration time) to determine the optimal operating conditions. Then, the cogeneration performance of domestic cooling and water heating effect is studied at different heat transfer fluid temperatures. The results show that the optimal time for cogeneration, mass recovery, and heat recovery are 600 s, 40 s, and 40 s, respectively. When the inlet temperature of hot water is around 85°C, the largest cooling power and heating power are 8.25 kW and 21.94 kW, respectively. Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 35°C, the obtained maximum COP , COP , and SCP of the system are 0.59, 1.39, and 184.5 W/kg, respectively.

关键词： silica gel-water     heat and mass recovery     solar energy     domestic cooling and heating    

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Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource

Wenchao Xue, May Zaw, Xiaochan An, Yunxia Hu, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1211-7

摘要： • A dual “waste-to-resource” application of FO was proposed. • Performance of sea salt bittern as an economic FO draw solution was evaluated. • High quality struvite recovery from black water using FO was demonstrated. • Feed pH is a key factor to control the form of recovered phosphorous. A dual “waste-to-resource” innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern (SSB)-driven forward osmosis (FO) process is proposed and demonstrated. The performance of SSB as a “waste-to-resource” draw solution for FO was first evaluated. A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of 25.67±3.36 L/m2⋅h, which was 1.5‒1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M MgCl2. Slightly compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was observed. In compensation, the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg2+ suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite precipitation. The nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic tank. Over 80% of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low- and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%‒90%. With an elevated feed pH (~9), approximately 60%‒85% enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated stuvite. Whereas the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) largely differed depending on the strength of black water. Improved concentration factor (i.e., 3-folds) and retention (>60%) of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%, in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black water. The results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual “waste-to-resource” FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.

关键词： Forward osmosis     Sea salt bittern     Black water     Nutrient recovery     pH    

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干热岩辅助采油可行性研究

王学忠

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第3期   页码 104-106

摘要：

为降低稠油热采成本,以燃烧原油生产蒸汽进行热力开采的开发方式需要改变，同时需要减少注入水对油层造成的冷伤害，因此开展了干热岩辅助采油可行性研究。干热岩辅助采油技术是利用干热岩抽取地下热能加热油层，以降低原油粘度、提高原油流动能力。在技术配套方面，无论钻深井，还是稠油热采技术，都是成熟的。干热岩的热能源于核幔边界的地热,分布广泛、清洁、可再生。研究表明，干热岩辅助采油技术针对性较强，是对现有蒸汽吞吐+蒸汽驱热采技术的有效继承，技术上具有可行性，并有可能推动相关技术的发展，符合中国节能减排的基本国策。建议在有利区块率先开展先导试验。

关键词： 干热岩辅助采油     冷伤害     热采稠油     热水驱     水热裂解    

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Preparation and characterization of asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane for effective recovery of proteasesfrom surimi wash water

Nora’aini ALI, Fadhilati HASSAN, Sofiah HAMZAH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-191 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1288-z

摘要： The wash water generated from the surimi processing industry contains a large amount of proteases which are widely used in the food and biotechnology industries. Asymmetric polysulfone and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration (PSf-UF and PES-UF) membranes with three different polymer concentrations were screened for their abilities to recover proteases from surimi wash water. In-house fabricated membranes were prepared via a simple dry/wet phase inversion technique and were characterized in terms of permeability coefficient, membrane morphology and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). The ability of the UF membranes to remove commercial proteases was tested at various pressures (up to 10 bars). The membrane with the best performance, 15 wt-% PSf-UF, was further tested with actual surimi wash water. The effect of the pH of the feed solution (4 to 8) in the pre-treatment stage was also evaluated to recover the highest amount of proteases. The highest retention of protease was 96% with a flux of 25.6 L/(m ·h) which was achieved with the 15 wt-% PSf-UF membrane.

关键词： membrane     ultrafiltration     proteases     surimi wash water    

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On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 626-639 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0548-6

摘要： The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single-sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is consistent with the way in which water is treated as “first among equals”, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services (such as sanitation) and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed.

关键词： cities as forces for good     diversity     energy and nutrient recovery     green economy     infrastructure failure     resilience    

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High heat flux thermal management through liquid metal driven with electromagnetic induction pump

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 460-470 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0825-9

摘要： In this paper, a novel liquid metal-based minichannel heat dissipation method was developed for cooling electric devices with high heat flux. A high-performance electromagnetic induction pump driven by rotating permanent magnets is designed to achieve a pressure head of 160 kPa and a flow rate of 3.24 L/min, which could enable the liquid metal to remove the waste heat quickly. The liquid metal-based minichannel thermal management system was established and tested experimentally to investigate the pumping capacity and cooling performance. The results show that the liquid metal cooling system can dissipate heat flux up to 242 W/cm2 with keeping the temperature rise of the heat source below 50°C. It could remarkably enhance the cooling performance by increasing the rotating speed of permanent magnets. Moreover, thermal contact resistance has a critical importance for the heat dissipation capacity. The liquid metal thermal grease is introduced to efficiently reduce the thermal contact resistance (a decrease of about 7.77 × 10−3 °C/W). This paper provides a powerful cooling strategy for thermal management of electric devices with large heat power and high heat flux.

关键词： high heat flux     liquid metal     electromagnetic pump     minichannel heat sink     thermal interface material    

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Observation of bioturbation and hyporheic flux in streambeds

Jinxi SONG, Xunhong CHEN, Cheng CHENG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0233-y

摘要： In the Elkhorn River, burrows, tubes, and sediment mounds created by invertebrate bioturbation were observed in the exposed streambed and commonly concentrated on the fine-sediment patches, which consist of silt, clay, and organic matter. These invertebrate activities could loosen the thin layer of clogging sediments and result in an increase of pore size in the sediments, leading to greater vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed (). The measurements of the vertical hydraulic gradient across the submerged streambed show that vertical flux in the hyporheic zone can alter directions (upward versus downward) for two locations only a few meters apart. In situ permeameter tests show that streambed in the upper sediment layer is much higher than that in the lower sediment layer, and the calculated in the submerged streambed is consistently greater than that in the clogged sediments around the shorelines of the sand bars. Moreover, a phenomenon of gas bubble release at the water-sediment interface from the subsurface sediments was observed in the groundwater seepage zone where flow velocity is extremely small. The bursting of gas bubbles can potentially break the thin clogging layer of sediments and enhance the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed.

关键词： invertebrate bioturbation     clogging     hyporheic exchange     streambed     the Elkhorn River    

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Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第3期   页码 256-260 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0095-9

摘要： In the present study, samples of aluminium alloy 6060 were coated by cold spraying with a powder of brazing alloy Al12Si. The influence of the process gas temperature on particle velocities and coating build-up was investigated. The coated samples were heat-treated in air and under argon atmosphere to investigate the wetting behaviour of the deposited Al12Si and the diffusion processes between Al12Si coatings and substrates. Coated samples were brazed flux-free under argon atmosphere by an induction heating system. The microstructure of the coated, heat-treated, and brazed samples was investigated. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the brazing alloy Al12Si could be very well deposited on the substrate by cold spraying. The particle velocity increased with increasing process temperature. Correspondingly, the thickness of Al12Si coatings increased with increasing process temperature. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the Al12Si coatings and the substrate could be realized by the deposition using cold spraying. The coated samples could be well brazed without fluxes. The coating thickness and overlap width influenced the shear strength of the brazed joints. The highest shear strength of brazed joints amounts to 80 MPa.

关键词： aluminium alloy     flux-free brazing     cold spraying     shear strength    

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Flow, thermal, and vibration analysis using three dimensional finite element analysis for a flux reversal

B. VIDHYA,K. N. SRINIVAS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 424-440 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0423-9

摘要： This paper presents the simulation of major mechanical properties of a flux reversal generator (FRG) viz., computational fluid dynamic (CFD), thermal, and vibration. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) based CFD technique for finding the spread of pressure and air velocity in air regions of the FRG is described. The results of CFD are mainly obtained to fine tune the thermal analysis. Thus, in this focus, a flow analysis assisted thermal analysis is presented to predict the steady state temperature distribution inside FRG. The heat transfer coefficient of all the heat producing inner walls of the machine are evaluated from CFD analysis, which forms the main factor for the prediction of accurate heat distribution. The vibration analysis is illustrated. Major vibration sources such as mechanical, magnetic and applied loads are covered elaborately which consists of a 3D modal analysis to find the natural frequency of FRG, a 3D static stress analysis to predict the deformation of the stator, rotor and shaft for different speeds, and an unbalanced rotor harmonic analysis to find eccentricity of rotor to make sure that the vibration of the rotor is within the acceptable limits. Harmonic analysis such as sine sweep analysis to identify the range of speeds causing high vibrations and steady state vibration at a mode frequency of 1500 Hz is presented. The vibration analysis investigates the vibration of the FRG as a whole, which forms the contribution of this paper in the FRG literature.

关键词： flux reversal generator     air velocity     computation fluid dynamics     thermal analysis     vibration analysis     finite element analysis    

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Experimental research on dynamic operating characteristics of a novel silica gel-water adsorption chiller

WANG Dechang, WU Jingyi, WANG Ruzhu, DOU Weidong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 347-351 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0052-4

摘要： A novel silica gel-water adsorption chiller consisting of two adsorption/desorption chambers and an evaporator with one heat-pipe working chamber is experimentally studied. The dynamic operating characteristics of the chiller and the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorber are obtained. The experimental results show that the dynamic operating characteristics of the chiller and the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorber are satisfactory and that the cycle is a novel and effective adsorption cycle. A mass recovery process increases the cyclic adsorption capacity of the system and improves adaptability of the chiller to a low-grade heat source. In addition, the experiment indicates that this novel chiller is highly suitable for an air conditioning system with a low dehumidification requirement or a system with a large cycle flowrate and an industrial cooling water system.

关键词： satisfactory     suitable     recovery     adsorption capacity     thermodynamic    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Preparation of reverse osmosis membrane with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties for desalination

期刊论文

Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separationwith ultrahigh flux

期刊论文

Technologies for pollutant removal and resource recovery from blackwater: a review

期刊论文

Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

LU Junfu, YUE Guangxi, YANG Hairui, ZHANG Jiansheng, YU Long, ZHANG Man, YANG Zhongming

期刊论文

我国水环境恢复工程方略

张杰,丛广治

期刊论文

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by therecovery of solar energy

Y. YU, Q. W. PAN, L. W. WANG

期刊论文

Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource

Wenchao Xue, May Zaw, Xiaochan An, Yunxia Hu, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon

期刊论文

干热岩辅助采油可行性研究

王学忠

期刊论文

Preparation and characterization of asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane for effective recovery of proteasesfrom surimi wash water

Nora’aini ALI, Fadhilati HASSAN, Sofiah HAMZAH

期刊论文

On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

期刊论文

High heat flux thermal management through liquid metal driven with electromagnetic induction pump

期刊论文

Observation of bioturbation and hyporheic flux in streambeds

Jinxi SONG, Xunhong CHEN, Cheng CHENG,

期刊论文

Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

期刊论文

Flow, thermal, and vibration analysis using three dimensional finite element analysis for a flux reversal

B. VIDHYA,K. N. SRINIVAS

期刊论文

Experimental research on dynamic operating characteristics of a novel silica gel-water adsorption chiller

WANG Dechang, WU Jingyi, WANG Ruzhu, DOU Weidong

期刊论文